Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Equality: Journal of Gender, Child, and Humanity

Indonesia is a democratic country that respects fundamental human rights in its constitution. The fact is that the number of women's representation in the House of Representatives is relatively low. This is proven by the length of time it took to obtain agreement on the legislative process for the Draft Law on Justice and Gender Equality that had been submitted by the Regional Representative Council since 2015. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data collection method used by the author is library research. The results of the study show that there are several factors that lead to a lack of women's participation in politics in Indonesia, namely the proliferation of patriarchal culture, the existence of a fanatical attitude towards the opinions of classical scholars regarding the impossibility of women entering the realm of politics, and an internal factor from most women who think that politics is dirty, cruel, and full of tricks. Some of the solutions taken include cadre of women, especially female students, regarding the importance of community organizations regardless of their scope. By providing an understanding of the importance of organization in all spheres, after developing later these female students will realize how important it is to enter into political organizations and sit in political positions in order to prioritize women's rights and fight for the country.

The type of research used in this thesis is qualitative research in which the data are taken from collecting the words, quotations, sentence and narration that stated in Coraline by Neil Gaiman. The primary data are taken from Neil Gaiman’s Coraline in the form of dialogues, sentences, and narration stated by the character about how an ideal family is represented in the novel. Then, the secondary data are taken from books, internet, and another source related to the representation of an ideal family. This research analyzes the ideal family concept in Coraline by Neil Gaiman with the theory of representation by Stuart Hall. The concept of an ideal family is explained by using the constructionist approach and focuses on the discursive formation. The discursive formation is applied to analyze the discourse of an ideal family that is shown in Coraline. The finding of this research shows that the purpose of the main character, Coraline in hoping to have an ideal family in her life is to feel loved by her parents. The representation of an ideal family in Coraline is depicted through the two aspects, those are how they define a family, and the importance of a good parenting.

Gender based education is education that aims to provide justice and harmony for men and women. Gender based education is based on the inequality beetwen men and women. R.A. Kartini is one of the figures who initiade gender based education wich contains equality education and character education. Equalityeducation teaches how students as human beings have the same rights and obligations, not differentiated on the basis of gender and socio-economic background. While character education teaches how important morals are to balance the intellegience of the brain. The study aims to determine the concept of gender based education and its relevance to the goals of Islamic education. By using this type of library reseach, this research requires quite a lot of documents such as book, articles, journals and other documents. The data sources of this reseach were obtained from primary data (basic data) and secondary data (supporting or supporting data). The analytical method used in this research is qualitative anlysis. From the results of this study it is known that gender based education R.A. Kartinihas a similiar pattern of ideas with the purpose of Islamic education in particular, namely education is required for men and women by providing (science) as wellas forming morals so that later men and women work together to advance the nation.

Many students do bullying, nowadays. This paper discusses bullying activities in school organizations. Several concepts of social behavior are used to analyze how bullying practices occur, what are the motives and how bullying practices are interpreted by perpetrators. This study aims to determine the motives and causes of bullying at school, also the solutions offered to minimize bullying. This study uses the method of literature study. The research results show the fact that; first, the attitude of revenge from seniors causes higher bullying behavior in organizations in the school environment. Second, all bullies are victims of their seniors, so the victims turn into bullies. Third, the purpose of the victim being a bully is to repay the senior's mistreatment of his current junior. In addition, the perpetrator also bullied for the purpose of avenging himself, this is because the perpetrator was once a victim. Revenge is in the form of imitation of the treatment he received.

Social problems are permanent issues that cannot be avoided and easily found among individual’s interactions to others. The state of different interests and necessities triggers the emergence of various clashes in society. The phenomenon is proficiently reflected in literature, as a reflection of real life. Social criticism becomes one of the important instruments in analyzing social issues represented through stories in literary works. In this study, Kedung Darma Romansa’s PSBB becomes a material object for conducting analysis based on social criticism. This qualitative study uses the sociological approach and criticism to reveal social issues in society portrayed through the storyline. Based on the research findings, social criticism revealed are criticism on political issues, customs or culture, economy, household or family, and morals.